Chitosan is derived from shellfish and is a linear polysaccharide, commonly used in medical circles as a haemostatic agent. Chitosan is deemed hypoallergenic and has properties which seem to rapidly clot blood, prompting the use in gauze dressings and bandages. Chitosan bandages used on battlefields in Iraq showed drastic increases in survival of wounded army personnel. As a nutritional supplement, chitosan is often marketed as a fat attractor. It is deemed a nutritional fiber and supposed to bind lipids in digestive tract, not allowing them to enter the blood stream and be stored in fat cells. Sometimes paired with glucomannan, this new supposed weight loss supplement has not yet received any pertinent clinical trials, which would prove its effectiveness, but some bile acid circulation interruption has been officially registered, partly proving the claims.

Vitamin C- Perhaps the most popular vitamin, L-ascorbic acid is viewed as an essential nutrient and is required to synthesize collagen in humans. The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid, or Vitamin C for short, is the famous ingredient of oranges and other citrus fruits. It has been said that a glass of pure squeezed orange juice provides the daily requirement of Vitamin C. While the antioxidant function is deemed important, other biosynthetic functions are of vital significance. It provides an electron for eight different enzymes, besides the aforementioned synthesis of collagen; it aids the synthesis of carnitine and neurotransmitters, synthesis and catabolism of tyrosine and the metabolism of microsome. The additional function as a reducing agent, keeping iron and copper at bay is an additional trait.